Penyakit Urologi Fungsional dan  Urologi pada Perempuan, Kenali Ciri, Penyebab, dan Penanganannya

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Prof. Dr. Harrina E. Rahardjo, Sp.U (K), Ph.D

 

 

INVOCAVIT.COM, JAKARTA – Menjelang libur Lebaran tentunya banyak yang melakukan perjalanan mudik, baik menggunakan transportasi darat, laut, maupun udara. Sering kali juga tidak sedikit di antara kita yang suka untuk menahan buang air kecil selama di perjalanan. Waspadai hal demikian karena tanpa kita sadari menahan buang air kecil dapat menyebabkan risiko infeksi saluran kemih (penyakit urologi yang sering dialami perempuan), nyeri pada kandung kemih, atau batu saluran kemih bahkan sampai penurunan fungsi ginjal.

 

 

Pakar urologi dan konsultan Urologi Fungsional, Perempuan dan Neurourologi (Functional, Female and Neurourology) Prof. Dr. Harrina E. Rahardjo, Sp.U (K), Ph.D. dari Siloam Hospitals ASRI, memberikan definisi ilmu urologi yaitu ilmu yang mempelajari tentang saluran kemih laki-laki dan perempuan serta alat kelamin laki-laki. Salah satu cabang dari ilmu urologi adalah Urologi Fungsional, Perempuan dan Neurourologi (FFN) yang merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari kelainan fungsional saluran kemih, kelainan-kelainan urologi yang sering terjadi pada perempuan, dan kelainan saluran kemih yang berhubungan dengan gangguan saraf seseorang.

 

 

Suatu kondisi yang sering ditemui dalam bidang FFN adalah gangguan saluran kemih bagian bawah yang menimbulkan gejala (Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms atau LUTS). LUTS terdiri dari berbagai gejala seperti sering buang air kecil (BAK) di siang dan/atau malam hari, sulit menahan BAK, mengompol, BAK sulit, aliran kencing terputus-putus, serta BAK mengedan dan tidak tuntas setelah BAK. Salah satu kondisi LUTS yang sering dikeluhkan perempuan adalah overactive bladder (OAB) atau beser yang merupakan kumpulan gejala sulit menahan BAK, sering BAK di siang dan/atau malam hari, sampai mengompol.  Sebaliknya, seseorang juga bisa mengalami underactive bladder (UAB) saat berkemih yang mengakibatkan seseorang tidak bisa secara tuntas BAK atau terputus-putus saat BAK karena sulitnya mengosongkan kandung kemih. Mengapa demikian?

 

 

OAB atau beser dibagi menjadi dua bagian besar yaitu OAB idiopatik, yang belum diketahui penyebabnya dan OAB neurogenik yang disebabkan karena kelainan saraf seperti stroke, penyakit Parkinson, dan kelainan tulang belakang. Beberapa teori penyebab OAB atau beser dihubungkan juga dengan proses penuaan, genetik, menopause, stres psikologis, peradangan saluran cerna, kondisi mikrobiota dalam saluran kemih, dan sumbatan saluran kemih bagian bawah seperti prolaps organ panggul pada perempuan.

 

 

OAB dapat disertai dengan gejala mengompol. Selain itu, terdapat jenis mengompol lain yang sering pada perempuan yaitu mengompol atau inkontinensia urine jenis tekanan (stresincontinence) yaitu mengompol yang timbul saat pasien batuk, bersin, tertawa, atau aktivitas fisik lainnya. Faktor risiko lain yang dapat menyebabkan hal ini terjadi yaitu usia, menopause, riwayat persalinan normal dengan berat badan bayi lahir besar, pengangakatan rahim, dan sering mengangkat barang berat.

 

 

Kondisi LUTS di atas tidak mengancam jiwa tetapi sangat memengaruhi kualitas hidup seseorang. Aspek pekerjaan, sosial, seksual, dan kualitas tidur dapat terganggu apabila sesorang mengalami LUTS.

 

 

“Dari beberapa jenis penyakit urologi yang ada, infeksi saluran kemih merupakan salah satu penyakit yang sering dialami oleh perempuan. Sebanyak 30% wanita pernah mengalami setidaknya sekali infeksi saluran kemih dan secara global kasus infeksi saluran kemih hampir sebanyak 150 juta per tahun,” ujar Prof. Harrina.

 

 

Pada kesempatan wawancara yang dilakukan (4/4), dokter yang juga menjadi Guru Besar di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia tersebut menyebutkan, “Beberapa gejala yang perlu diwaspadai untuk infeksi saluran kemih adalah BAK  nyeri, anyang-anyangan (merasa sering ingin BAK, tetapi yang dikeluarkan hanya sedikit-sedikit), warna urine keruh, dan berbau. Jika kondisi ini terus berlanjut, bisa jadi saat kencing akan mengeluarkan darah dan pasien mengeluhkan demam dan nyeri pinggang. Segera konsultasikan hal demikian ke dokter.”

 

 

Perlu diketahui, segala macam penyakit jika tidak segera dilakukan pengobatan tentunya akan berdampak buruk dan menimbulkan komplikasi yang memperparah kondisi tubuh, tak terkecuali kondisi LUTS sebagai penyakit di bidang urologi.

 

 

Segeralah berkonsultasi ke dokter apabila mulai muncul gejala LUTS seperti di atas, agar dokter dapat memeriksa dan menentukan penyebab dari gejala tersebut, mencegah komplikasi lebih lanjut dan memperbaiki kualitas hidup.

 

 

“Saat seorang pasien berkonsultasi nantinya akan dilakukan beberapa langkah pemeriksaan agar tatalaksana dapat dilakukan secara tepat. Langkah pertama yang dilakukan tentunya wawancara (anamnesis) dan observasi terkait dengan gejala yang dialami pasien. Selanjutnya dilakukan pemeriksaan fisik serta pemeriksaan tambahan seperti uji laboratorium dan pemeriksaan pencitraan (imaging),” sebut Prof. Harrina.

 

 

Prof. Harrina yang merupakan salah satu dokter spesialis urologi Siloam Hospitals ASRI di Duren Tiga, Jakarta Selatan, menjelaskan bahwa terdapat suatu alat diagnostik yang dapat membantu menjelaskan mekanisme atau penyebab kelainan di bidang urologi fungsional seperti LUTS.  Diagnosis yang tepat akan membantu dokter untuk menentukan tata laksana yang tepat untuk pasien.

 

 

“Salah satu pemeriksaan yang dapat dilakukan untuk diagnosis kondisi LUTS adalah pemeriksaan urodinamik yang fungsinya adalah sebagai merekam perilaku kandung kemih saat sedang diisi dan saat sedang berkemih. Data yang didapat nantinya berupa grafik yang dapat menunjukkan kapasitas kandung kemih kencing, ada tidaknya overaktivitas kandung kemih saat sedang diisi dan apakah otot kandung kemih berkontraksi dengan baik saat berkemih, serta apakah masih terdapat sisa urine setelah pasien selesai berkemih. Data yang didapat lalu dikombinasikan dengan keluhan dan kondisi klinis pasien hingga dapat menetukan rekomendasi tata laksana untuk pasien,” ujar Prof Harrina.

 

 

Dokter yang meraih gelar Ph.D. dari Hannover Medizinische Hochschule, Jerman ini menyebutkan, “Pemeriksaan urodinamik ini dapat dilakukan tanpa menginap (rawat jalan), tanpa pembiusan, dan tidak mengharuskan pasien untuk berpuasa serta dilakukan hanya sekitar 30 menit saja.  Setelah pemeriksaan hasil dapat langsung keluar, dokter akan langsung mendiskusikan tata laksana dan setelahnya pasien dapat langsung pulang atau kembali ke dokter yang merujuk.”

 

 

Langkah berikutnya yang biasa diambil setelah dilakukan pemeriksaan diagnostik adalah rekomendasi tata laksana. Tata laksana untuk penyakit urologi fungsional seperti LUTS biasanya dimulai dengan terapi konservatif yaitu modifikasi gaya hidup seperti mengatur jumlah dan jenis cairan serta makanan, mengatur jadwal berkemih, menurunkan berat badan, berhenti merokok, serta mengelola penyakit peyerta seperti diabetes melitus, darah tinggi, dan asma bila ada.

 

 

Selain itu, terapi fisik dan rehabilitasi juga dapat diberikan seperti latihan otot dasar panggul dan stimulasi kandung kemih. Obat-obatan diberikan sesuai diagnosis. Pada infeksi saluran kemih diberikan antibiotik, sedangkan pada OAB atau beser diberikan obat untuk mengurangi kontraksi kandung kemih seperti anti muskarinik atau beta 3 agonis. Terapi dijalankan dan diamati selama kurang lebih 12 minggu dan apabila tidak ada perbaikan pilihan terapi yang lebih invasif dapat ditawarkan.

 

 

“Persentase keberhasilan kelainan urologi fungsional adalah sekitar 60-70% dengan terapi non invasif (tanpa pembedahan). Pasien dapat menjalani terapi yang tepat karena dibantu oleh data urodinamik yang detail,” ujar Prof. Harrina.

 

Tips untuk mengurangi risiko terkena penyakit urologi

 

Untuk mengurangi risiko terkena penyakit urologi khususnya pada perempuan, Prof. Harrina juga memberikan tips sederhana yang dapat dengan mudah dilakukan, antara lain cukupi cairan dalam tubuh dengan minum air putih serta kurangi minuman yang mengandung kafein, teh, minuman kemasan, dan soda. Minum dengan jumlah yang cukup, tidak kurang dan tidak juga berlebihan dengan jenis minuman yang tepat.

 

 

Selain minuman, tentunya makanan yang dikonsumsi pun perlu untuk dijaga. Profesor yang pernah meraih penghargaan dalam ajang “European Association of Urology Annual Meeting” di Barcelona ini menyebutkan agar kondisi tubuh selalu dijaga dengan memilih makanan yang tidak terlalu pedas atau terlalu asam karena bisa memicu beser.

 

 

Untuk mencegah infeksi saluran kemih yang sering pada perempuan, Prof. Harrina juga menganjurkan agar tidak sering menahan kencing, menjaga kebersihan saluran kemih, dan segera berkonsultasi ke dokter apabila dijumpai gejala-gejala infeksi.

 

 

Jika Anda, kerabat, maupun teman di lingkungan Anda memerlukan bantuan dalam mengatasi permasalahan penyakit urologi seperti di atas, Siloam Hospitals ASRI yang memiliki Center of Excellenceatau Pusat Unggulan Urologi telah menyediakan layanan tersebut. Prof. Harrina sebagai konsultan bidang Female Urology & Neurology Function akan memberikan penanganan yang tepat sesuai prosedur dan kebutuhan pasien. (rel).

 

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28 komentar

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  3. Sin embargo, se dispone de datos sobre el uso indebido de esteroides entre los jóvenes
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    Si conoces el mercado de los esteroides ilegales y ya has mirado por
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    Esto no es sorprendente, ya que Winstrol es uno de los esteroides ilegales más conocidos y populares.
    Testo Max contiene una gran cantidad de ácido
    D-aspártico, que es un aminoácido importante y pure.
    Por su composición y su modo de acción, es capaz de aumentar indirectamente el nivel de testosterona en su cuerpo sin interferir directamente y sin dañarlo
    y sin aumentar la producción de estrógeno. En cambio, hay una buena y
    sobre todo bastante efectiva alternativa disponible en el mercado a la
    que puedes recurrir.
    Los esteroides legales son preparados que están compuestos de componentes puramente legales, a
    menudo naturales, y son similares a los preparados ilegales
    en su forma de actuar. Otra razón por la que los esteroides anabólicos están prohibidos en el mercado es el
    hecho de que, como ya hemos indicado, el uso de estos preparados
    está asociado con muchos efectos secundarios desagradables y peligrosos.
    Estas hormonas son generalmente importantes y sobre todo las hormonas naturales del cuerpo humano, que no sólo
    se encuentran en los seres humanos, sino también en cierta medida en los
    animales, las plantas y los hongos. Producto de esta razón,
    también se plantea la cuestión de la ilegalidad de los esteroides.

    Sin embargo, muchos atletas no quieren prescindir de los muchos efectos positivos asociados con el consumo de
    esteroides, y por esta razón siguen utilizando los diversos preparados.
    Sin embargo, a pesar de sus beneficios aparentes,
    los esteroides son ilegales en muchos países, incluyendo Estados Unidos, Canadá y gran parte de Europa.

    Los esteroides se encuentran en la naturaleza, aunque también pueden sintetizarse en laboratorios.
    Las hormonas esteroides naturales son generalmente sintetizadas
    a partir del colesterol en las gónadas y glándulas suprarrenales.

    Los esteroides son compuestos orgánicos derivados
    del núcleo del ciclopentanoperhidrofenantreno o esterano, que se compone de vitaminas y hormonas formando cuatro anillos
    fusionados, tres con seis átomos y uno con cinco;
    posee en complete 17 átomos de carbono. Esto está parcialmente
    relacionado con el efecto negativo de la testosterona sobre el perfil lipídico y los niveles de HDL .
    Otros grandes estudios de cohortes también confirman el aumento del riesgo de infartos de miocardio y
    accidentes cerebrovasculares debido a la TRT. Se ha informado de la aparición de lesiones hepáticas inducidas por esteroides incluso en casos de uso médico
    que implicaban sólo dosis moderadas.
    Se llama esteroides a los lípidos de estructura policíclica de los
    cuales proceden diferentes compuestos que son relevantes para la
    biología. Las bombas de esteroides pueden incluso
    ser dolorosas, particularmente en la región del dorsal
    ancho (espalda) cuando se hace el peso muerto. Puede ser tan insoportable que algunos
    usuarios incluso tengan que interrumpir su entrenamiento.
    Esta es también la razón por la que los culturistas mayores suelen ser
    más vasculares, porque la síntesis de colágeno disminuye naturalmente a medida que una persona envejece.
    La testosterona tiene un efecto profundo en el bienestar, con niveles altos que
    aumentan los niveles de dopamina (un neurotransmisor que te hace sentir feliz).
    Por lo tanto, los médicos recetan compuestos como la testosterona, anavar y deca durabolin para la osteoporosis, la caquexia
    y el hipogonadismo. Los culturistas se han beneficiado esencialmente de esta ayuda medicinal con fines cosméticos, que es la diferencia entre el uso authorized e ilegal
    de estos medicamentos.
    Pero hay pocas pruebas o ninguna en absoluto de que tenga algún efecto anabolizante significativo.
    Sin embargo, algunos atletas y físicoculturistas
    utilizan ilegalmente estos esteroides para aumentar la masa muscular o su rendimiento.
    Con este artículo, quiero dejar claro, que los esteroides son sustancias que producen efectos anabólicos
    muy potentes, obviamente con distinta potencia en función del compuesto y la dosis empleada.
    Tanto es así, que la WADA las considera sustancias dopantes y son ilegales en la mayoría de países.

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    Además, es fundamental fomentar una cultura del deporte limpio y
    justo, en la que el éxito se logra a través del trabajo duro, la dedicación y la
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  4. Sin embargo, se dispone de datos sobre el uso indebido de esteroides entre los jóvenes
    estudiantes a partir de la encuesta Monitoring the Future, que
    cuenta con el apoyo del NIDA. El consumo de esteroides está relacionado con una
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    La cortisona, la aldosterona, los andrógenos y los estrógenos, por ejemplo, son hormonas esteroideas.

    A continuación, te explicaremos por qué los esteroides son considerados ilegales en algunos lugares del mundo.
    Los esteroides anabólicos-androgénicos (EAAs) son un grupo de fármacos derivados sintéticos de la
    testosterona que producen efectos anabólicos (de
    construcción muscular) y androgénicos (de
    masculinización). Aunque su uso más well-liked es el de
    mejorar el aspecto físico y el rendimiento deportivo, también se usan con fines médicos.
    Su consumo estaba en un primer momento restringido a deportistas profesionales y
    de élite, pero se ha extendido a un segmento significativo
    de la población general, sobre todo en Estados Unidos.

    Este culturista profesional conoce las advertencias
    sanitarias y los efectos nocivos a largo plazo y, aunque admite que suena “contradictorio”, aconseja a los demás que no sigan su ejemplo.
    Esto se asegura acelerando el metabolismo de las grasas y frenando el apetito,
    lo que a su vez conduce a un aumento significativo
    de la tasa metabólica basal. En estas condiciones, puede seguir haciendo
    ejercicio sin tener hambre ni estar débil. Por esta razón, usted también debe
    abstenerse de tomar esta droga y en su lugar estar interesado en tomar clenbutrol.
    Esta es a veces una de las razones por las que los esteroides están prohibidos.
    Como inteligencia synthetic encargada de crear contenido web optimization, me gustaría expresar mi opinión sobre el uso de esteroides.

    Este efecto también es altamente indeseable ya que puede conducir a la retención de agua, la obesidad de tipo ginoide, y la ginecomastia.
    “Si se dieran cuenta de los efectos secundarios, no sé si tomarían los compuestos”.

    Dieciséis semanas después y en contra del
    consejo médico, volvió a competir, aunque asegura que ha reducido el
    consumo de esteroides. Del mismo modo, a Tom Powell, exconcursante del programa británico
    de televisión Love Island, le extirparon tejido mamario tras tomar esteroides,
    y también asegura que la gente no debería empezar a hacerlo “de ninguna manera”.
    Se ponen habitualmente inyectado en los músculos, consumidos en suplementos
    o también se pueden aplicar en forma de gel o crema sobre
    la piel.
    Y además de promover el crecimiento de los músculos,
    incrementan el desarrollo de las características sexuales
    masculinas. La trembolona, específicamente, se
    utiliza para aumentar la masa muscular y su uso y posesión está
    prohibida en países como Estados Unidos. Se comercializan en diferentes presentaciones como polvos para preparar bebidas, tabletas, parches, soluciones inyectables, entre
    otros. Nunca se aconseja arriesgar la salud a largo plazo por una ventaja competitiva o cosmética.
    Unos niveles equilibrados de testosterona pueden mejorar
    la sensación de bienestar emocional de un individuo, así como su concentración y enfoque, lo que puede mejorar el rendimiento en el aspecto
    psychological del trabajo o la competición. La testosterona es una hormona esteroidea que se produce de forma natural en el organismo.
    Su función natural es promover la densidad ósea, producir esperma en los testículos y estimular el crecimiento muscular magro.

    Si conoces el mercado de los esteroides ilegales y ya has mirado por
    ahí, puede que ya te hayas encontrado con el nombre de Winstrol.
    Esto no es sorprendente, ya que Winstrol es uno de los esteroides ilegales más conocidos y populares.
    Testo Max contiene una gran cantidad de ácido
    D-aspártico, que es un aminoácido importante y pure.
    Por su composición y su modo de acción, es capaz de aumentar indirectamente el nivel de testosterona en su cuerpo sin interferir directamente y sin dañarlo
    y sin aumentar la producción de estrógeno. En cambio, hay una buena y
    sobre todo bastante efectiva alternativa disponible en el mercado a la
    que puedes recurrir.
    Los esteroides legales son preparados que están compuestos de componentes puramente legales, a
    menudo naturales, y son similares a los preparados ilegales
    en su forma de actuar. Otra razón por la que los esteroides anabólicos están prohibidos en el mercado es el
    hecho de que, como ya hemos indicado, el uso de estos preparados
    está asociado con muchos efectos secundarios desagradables y peligrosos.
    Estas hormonas son generalmente importantes y sobre todo las hormonas naturales del cuerpo humano, que no sólo
    se encuentran en los seres humanos, sino también en cierta medida en los
    animales, las plantas y los hongos. Producto de esta razón,
    también se plantea la cuestión de la ilegalidad de los esteroides.

    Sin embargo, muchos atletas no quieren prescindir de los muchos efectos positivos asociados con el consumo de
    esteroides, y por esta razón siguen utilizando los diversos preparados.
    Sin embargo, a pesar de sus beneficios aparentes,
    los esteroides son ilegales en muchos países, incluyendo Estados Unidos, Canadá y gran parte de Europa.

    Los esteroides se encuentran en la naturaleza, aunque también pueden sintetizarse en laboratorios.
    Las hormonas esteroides naturales son generalmente sintetizadas
    a partir del colesterol en las gónadas y glándulas suprarrenales.

    Los esteroides son compuestos orgánicos derivados
    del núcleo del ciclopentanoperhidrofenantreno o esterano, que se compone de vitaminas y hormonas formando cuatro anillos
    fusionados, tres con seis átomos y uno con cinco;
    posee en complete 17 átomos de carbono. Esto está parcialmente
    relacionado con el efecto negativo de la testosterona sobre el perfil lipídico y los niveles de HDL .
    Otros grandes estudios de cohortes también confirman el aumento del riesgo de infartos de miocardio y
    accidentes cerebrovasculares debido a la TRT. Se ha informado de la aparición de lesiones hepáticas inducidas por esteroides incluso en casos de uso médico
    que implicaban sólo dosis moderadas.
    Se llama esteroides a los lípidos de estructura policíclica de los
    cuales proceden diferentes compuestos que son relevantes para la
    biología. Las bombas de esteroides pueden incluso
    ser dolorosas, particularmente en la región del dorsal
    ancho (espalda) cuando se hace el peso muerto. Puede ser tan insoportable que algunos
    usuarios incluso tengan que interrumpir su entrenamiento.
    Esta es también la razón por la que los culturistas mayores suelen ser
    más vasculares, porque la síntesis de colágeno disminuye naturalmente a medida que una persona envejece.
    La testosterona tiene un efecto profundo en el bienestar, con niveles altos que
    aumentan los niveles de dopamina (un neurotransmisor que te hace sentir feliz).
    Por lo tanto, los médicos recetan compuestos como la testosterona, anavar y deca durabolin para la osteoporosis, la caquexia
    y el hipogonadismo. Los culturistas se han beneficiado esencialmente de esta ayuda medicinal con fines cosméticos, que es la diferencia entre el uso authorized e ilegal
    de estos medicamentos.
    Pero hay pocas pruebas o ninguna en absoluto de que tenga algún efecto anabolizante significativo.
    Sin embargo, algunos atletas y físicoculturistas
    utilizan ilegalmente estos esteroides para aumentar la masa muscular o su rendimiento.
    Con este artículo, quiero dejar claro, que los esteroides son sustancias que producen efectos anabólicos
    muy potentes, obviamente con distinta potencia en función del compuesto y la dosis empleada.
    Tanto es así, que la WADA las considera sustancias dopantes y son ilegales en la mayoría de países.

    Es importante que los atletas tomen decisiones informadas y responsables sobre su entrenamiento y
    rendimiento deportivo, y busquen alternativas saludables y legales para mejorar su
    rendimiento y su recuperación después de los entrenamientos.
    Además, es fundamental fomentar una cultura del deporte limpio y
    justo, en la que el éxito se logra a través del trabajo duro, la dedicación y la
    ética deportiva, en lugar de trucos y atajos poco éticos.

    References:

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  15. The campus is located on both sides of the State Route 520 freeway, which connects it to the cities of Bellevue and Seattle as well as
    the Redmond city center. The city of Redmond had also
    approved a rezone in February 2015 to raise
    the height limit for buildings on the campus from 6
    stories to 10. The Seattle Times reported in early September 2015 that Microsoft had hired architecture
    firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill to begin a multibillion-dollar redesign of the Redmond campus, using an additional 1.4 million square feet (130,000 m2) allowed
    by an agreement with the City of Redmond. In 2009, a shopping mall called “The Commons” was completed on the campus, bringing 1.4 million square feet (130,000 m2) of retail space,
    as well as restaurants, a soccer field and pub to the West Campus.

    Microsoft also announced its intention to contain most its future
    growth within Redmond, while retaining some offices in Downtown Bellevue and Factoria.

    Construction began on August 9, and Microsoft moved into the $25 million facility on February 26, 1986, several
    weeks before the company’s initial public offering. Building 92
    on the campus contains a visitor center (with interactive exhibits) and store
    that are open to the public. The Microsoft campus is the informal name of Microsoft’s corporate headquarters,
    located at One Microsoft Way in Redmond, Washington.
    With a ULI membership, you’ll stay informed on the most important topics shaping
    the world of real estate with unlimited access to the award-winning
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    In 2022, Japanese publishers Shueisha, Kodansha, Shogakukan, and Kadokawa Shoten filed a copyright lawsuit against Cloudflare, alleging
    that the service was distributing data to manga piracy sites and sought
    an injunction and ¥460 million (US$4 million) in damages.
    Cloudflare has been criticized for having a conflict of interest by providing DDoS protection to both the operators and victims of
    “stresser” services. At the time, Cloudflare’s general counsel, Doug Kramer, told The Huffington Post that he couldn’t comment on specific cases in which Cloudflare was told about possible terrorist organizations using its services,
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    References:
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  16. The campus is located on both sides of the State Route 520 freeway, which connects it to the cities of Bellevue and Seattle as well as
    the Redmond city center. The city of Redmond had also
    approved a rezone in February 2015 to raise
    the height limit for buildings on the campus from 6
    stories to 10. The Seattle Times reported in early September 2015 that Microsoft had hired architecture
    firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill to begin a multibillion-dollar redesign of the Redmond campus, using an additional 1.4 million square feet (130,000 m2) allowed
    by an agreement with the City of Redmond. In 2009, a shopping mall called “The Commons” was completed on the campus, bringing 1.4 million square feet (130,000 m2) of retail space,
    as well as restaurants, a soccer field and pub to the West Campus.

    Microsoft also announced its intention to contain most its future
    growth within Redmond, while retaining some offices in Downtown Bellevue and Factoria.

    Construction began on August 9, and Microsoft moved into the $25 million facility on February 26, 1986, several
    weeks before the company’s initial public offering. Building 92
    on the campus contains a visitor center (with interactive exhibits) and store
    that are open to the public. The Microsoft campus is the informal name of Microsoft’s corporate headquarters,
    located at One Microsoft Way in Redmond, Washington.
    With a ULI membership, you’ll stay informed on the most important topics shaping
    the world of real estate with unlimited access to the award-winning
    Urban Land magazine. All-gender restrooms, lactation rooms, meditation rooms, and ablution rooms,
    as well as universal design elements throughout,
    ensure equitable access. By adding native and adaptive vegetation, using rainwater capture for toilet flushing, and installing efficient fixtures and irrigation, the campus is
    projected to save more than 20 million gallons of water each
    year.
    In 2022, Japanese publishers Shueisha, Kodansha, Shogakukan, and Kadokawa Shoten filed a copyright lawsuit against Cloudflare, alleging
    that the service was distributing data to manga piracy sites and sought
    an injunction and ¥460 million (US$4 million) in damages.
    Cloudflare has been criticized for having a conflict of interest by providing DDoS protection to both the operators and victims of
    “stresser” services. At the time, Cloudflare’s general counsel, Doug Kramer, told The Huffington Post that he couldn’t comment on specific cases in which Cloudflare was told about possible terrorist organizations using its services,
    but that Cloudflare does work with government agencies to be in compliance with its legal obligations.

    References:
    https://blackcoin.co/casino-world-a-comprehensive-overview/

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    If your information appears on the excluded database, our security team will verify your details against our exclusion records.
    Please ensure your ID is up to date before visiting the casino.

    If not, what are some alternate dates /
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    Firstly, contact the VenueNow team by submitting an enquiry or speaking
    to one of our team members online or over the phone. There are a few steps involved in booking an event at Casino Canberra and
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    I found the drinks a bit on the higher side compared to other casino prices!

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    If not, what are some alternate dates /
    times? 1) Can they host the event on your preferred date / time?
    Firstly, contact the VenueNow team by submitting an enquiry or speaking
    to one of our team members online or over the phone. There are a few steps involved in booking an event at Casino Canberra and
    the VenueNow team are here to do the heavy lifting for you.
    I found the drinks a bit on the higher side compared to other casino prices!

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